SHEL模式下基层医院护理人员高警示药品安全管理培训的效果

目的:探究SHEL模式下基层医院护理人员高警示药品安全管理培训的效果。方法:选取2020年7月—2021年6月在医院从事临床护理工作的80名护理人员,随机将其分为观察组与对照组各40人。对照组实施常规培训模式,观察组实施SHEL模式培训,比较两组护理人员高警示药品相关知识及技能掌握程度、意外事件发生率及核心能力。结果:培训后观察组护理人员理论及操作得分分别为(86.75±6.18)分及(93.19±4.28)分,核心能力得分为(228.98±8.37)分,均明显高于对照组(P<0.05),同时观察组护理人员在护理过程中出现给药前未双人核对、药品分类不清及交接记录不全的概率分别为0.95%、0.95%及1.90%,明显低于对照组(P<0.05),且未出现药物外渗及滴速有误等情况。结论:对基层医院护理人员实施SHEL模式下高警示药品安全管理培训,能够有效提高护理人员高警示药品理论、技能掌握程度及核心能力,同时有助于降低护理工作中意外事件的发生概率。     

Top advances of the year: Precision oncology

The advent of precision medicine has changed the landscape of oncologic biomarkers, drug discovery, drug development, and, more importantly, outcomes for patients with cancer. Precision oncology entails the genomic profiling of tumors to detect actionable aberrations. The advances in clinical next-generation sequencing from both tumor tissue and liquid biopsy and availability of targeted therapies has rapidly entered mainstream clinical practice. In this review, recent major developments in precision oncology that have affected outcomes for patients with cancer are discussed. Rapid clinical development was seen of targeted agents across various mutational profiles such as KRASG12C (which was considered “undruggable” for almost 4 decades), Exon 20 insertions, and RET mutations. Approaches to precision chemotherapy delivery by the introduction of antibody drug conjugates in the armamentarium against lung cancer has been appreciated.     

舒巴坦治疗老年心力衰竭患者肺部感染的临床效果及不良反应发生率分析

目的本研究分析舒巴坦治疗老年心力衰竭患者肺部感染的临床效果及不良反应发生情况,为临床治疗提供参考。方法160例老年心力衰竭肺部感染患者为研究对象,分为两组:对照组(n=80)患者在常规治疗的基础上采用头孢曲松钠治疗,观察组(n=80)患者在常规治疗的基础上采用头孢哌酮钠舒巴坦治疗。分析两组患者的细菌清除率、治疗前后心功能和肺功能的改善及不良反应的发生情况。结果观察组患者在细菌清除率明显高于对照组患者的细菌清除率(对照组vs观察组=84.35%vs 87.92%,χ²=5.654,P<0.05);两组患者治疗后心功参数LVEDD、LVESD、LVEF和肺功参数用力呼气容积和用力肺活量均得到显著的改善(P<0.05),且与对照组相比,观察组患者的上述指标改善显著(P<0.05);两组研究对象的不良反应包括凝血功能障碍、肝功能障碍、轻度皮疹和呕吐。结论舒巴坦治疗老年心力衰竭患者肺部感染安全性高,且临床疗效值得认可,可在临床推广应用。     

Safety data from the MenB-FHbp clinical development program in healthy individuals aged 10 years and older

BackgroundThe MenB-FHbp vaccine (Trumenba®) is licensed in various countries for the prevention of meningococcal serogroup B disease in individuals ≥ 10 years of age. The clinical development program included 11 completed trials where, in each trial, MenB-FHbp had an acceptable safety profile after a primary vaccination series was administered to individuals 10–65 years of age. However, the detection of potential rare events was limited because of individual clinical trial size. The current safety analysis evaluates pooled reactogenicity and other adverse events (AEs) reported in these trials to identify new safety signals not detectable in individual trials.MethodsEleven trials contributed safety data, of which 10 recorded local and systemic reactogenicity events; 8 of the trials were controlled, and reactogenicity data were pooled for 7 of these 8 trials. Additional AE evaluations included immediate AEs (IAEs), medically attended AEs (MAEs), serious AEs (SAEs), newly diagnosed chronic medical conditions (NDCMCs), and autoimmune or neuroinflammatory conditions.ResultsLocal and systemic reactions were more frequent in the MenB-FHbp group (n = 15,294) compared with controls (n = 5509), although most reactions were transient and mild to moderate in severity. Frequencies of IAEs, SAEs, MAEs, NDCMCs, and autoimmune or neuroinflammatory conditions were similar between the MenB-FHbp and control groups.ConclusionsMenB-FHbp demonstrated a favorable safety and tolerability profile in the clinical development program of > 15,000 vaccine recipients ≥ 10 years of age. No new safety signals were identified in the pooled analysis compared with data from the individual trials. Continued postmarketing safety surveillance is important for the identification of rare events.Clinicaltrials.gov: NCT01299480; NCT000808028; NCT00879814; NCT00780806; NCT01352845; NCT01352793; NCT01461993; NCT01323270; NCT01830855; NCT01461980; NCT01768117.     

电针联合右美托咪定对骨科老年患者术中应激的影响研究

目的：探讨电针联合右美托咪定对老年骨科患者术中应激的影响。方法：选取拟行手术治疗的老年下肢骨折患者56例为研究对象，采用随机数字表法分为单纯全麻组、电针复合全麻组（简称复合电针组）、右美托咪定复合全麻组（简称复合右美组）及电针联合右美托咪定复合全麻组（简称针药复合组），各14例。记录各组各时间点血压、心率、血氧饱和度等各项监护指标，术前、术后神经心理学指标（简易智力检查评分和疼痛视觉模拟评分）及各时间点血糖水平，术中心血管活性药物使用情况及患者住院天数。结果：术后各时间点针药复合组简易智力检查评分高于单纯全麻组（P＜0.05）；术后72 h内，针药复合组疼痛评分低于其他三组（P＜0.05）；针药复合组术中循环系统指标及血糖水平更稳定；针药复合组术后意识恢复时间最短（P＜0.05）；四组术后呼吸恢复时间与住院天数比较，差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05）；四组心血管活性药物使用率比较，差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05）。结论：老年骨科患者手术中采用电针联合右美托咪定治疗，能够稳定围术期血糖、术中循环系统指标水平，减少术后认知功能障碍发生率，显著降低术中应激水平。